Disease association and therapeutic routes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Ina Yoon, Uijoo Kim, Jaeyoung Choi, Sunghoon Kim

Journal: Trends in molecular medicine 2024;30(1):89-105

PMID: 37949787

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are enzymes that catalyze the ligation of amino acids to tRNAs for translation. Beyond their traditional role in translation, ARSs have acquired regulatory functions in various biological processes (epi-translational functions). With their dual-edged activities, aberrant expression, secretion, and mutations of ARSs are associated with human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurological diseases. The increasing numbers of newly unveiled activities and disease associations of ARSs have spurred interest in novel drug development, targeting disease-related catalytic and noncatalytic activities of ARSs as well as harnessing ARSs as sources for biological therapeutics. This review speculates how the translational and epi-translational activities of ARSs can be related and describes how their activities can be linked to diseases and drug discovery.

Address: Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.; Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.10.006

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases, RNA, Transfer