Re-engineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE

To test the effectiveness of an evidence based model for management of depression in primary care with support from quality improvement resources.

DESIGN

Cluster randomised controlled trial.

SETTING

Five healthcare organisations in the United States and 60 affiliated practices.

PATIENTS

405 patients, aged > or = 18 years, starting or changing treatment for depression.

INTERVENTION

Care provided by clinicians, with staff providing telephone support under supervision from a psychiatrist.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Severity of depression at three and six months (Hopkins symptom checklist-20): response to treatment (> or = 50% decrease in scores) and remission (score of < 0.5).

RESULTS

At six months, 60% (106 of 177) of patients in intervention practices had responded to treatment compared with 47% (68 of 146) of patients in usual care practices (P = 0.02). At six months, 37% of intervention patients showed remission compared with 27% for usual care patients (P = 0.014). 90% of intervention patients rated their depression care as good or excellent at six months compared with 75% of usual care patients (P = 0.0003).

CONCLUSION

Resources such as quality improvement programmes can be used effectively in primary care to implement evidence based management of depression and improve outcomes for patients with depression.