How to avoid CIN: guidelines from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology.

The Contrast Media Safety Committee of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) has looked at the effects of contrast media (CM) on the kidney including prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) as well as at the possibility of identifying patients with increased risk of CIN nephropathy. This has resulted in five reports dealing with (i) serum creatinine; (ii) contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity; (iii) haemodialysis and contrast media; (iv) use of gadolinium CM instead of iodinated CM; and (v) CM injection in diabetic patients receiving metformin. The review presents an overview of four of these five reports.