Hepatitis C virus infection. How does the host respond?

The interaction between the host and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) results either in elimination of the virus or establishment of chronic infection. The principal mechanisms defining the outcome of infection are complex and largely yet to be determined. The perceived lack of a robust immune response against viral replication in chronic infection may actually reflect a dangerous homeostasis reached as the virus and immune system co-exist over time. Perturbing this contemporaneous relationship by aiming to control HCV replication, or eradicate the virus, may instead bring about an undesired self-destructive immune response. Recent studies have provided us with a better understanding of the virus-host interactions and may help us unravel the immunologic components necessary for successful HCV clearance.