Proteomics and genomics insights on malignant osteosarcoma.

Nachammai Kathiresan, Chandrabose Selvaraj, Sangavi Pandian, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj, Abdulaziz S Alothaim, Sher Zaman Safi, Langeswaran Kulathaivel

Journal: Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology 2024;138():275-300

PMID: 38220428

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is a malignant osseous neoplasm. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy capable of producing osteoid tissue or immature bones. A subsequent malignant degeneration of the primary bone pathology occurs less frequently in adults. The over-expression of several proteins, including Heat shock proteins, Cofilin, Annexins, Insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, Receptor tyrosine kinase, Ezrin, Runx2, SATB2, ATF4, Annexins, cofilin, EGFR, VEGF, retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) and secreted protein, has been associated to the development and progression of osteosarcoma. These proteins are involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. In genomic studies, osteosarcoma has been associated with several genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal rearrangements, gene mutations, and gene amplifications. These differentially expressed proteins could be used as early identification biomarkers or treatment targets. Proteomics and genomics play significant parts in enhancing our molecular understanding of osteosarcoma, and their integration provides essential insights into this aggressive bone cancer. This review will discuss the tumour biology that has assisted in helping us better understand the causes of osteosarcoma and how they could potentially be used to find new treatment targets and enhance the survival rate for osteosarcoma patients.

Address: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.; Computational and Structural Research in Drug Design Lab (CSRDD), Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Old Mahabalipuram Road (OMR), Kelambakkam.; Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.; Department of Biomedical Science, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.06.001