Multi-ancestry, trans-generational GWAS meta-analysis of gestational diabetes and glycaemic traits during pregnancy reveals limited evidence of pregnancy-specific genetic effects.

Address: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. [email protected].; Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamiton, ON, Canada.; Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.; Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), INRAE, Inserm, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France.; Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement, Lille, France.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetics and Diabetes, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.; Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Unidad de Bioinformática, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Section for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Centre for Global Health Research, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.; Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamiton, ON, Canada.; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.; deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Welfare Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.; Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Saguenay, QC, Canada.; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.; Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Departement de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. [email protected].; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [email protected].; University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia. [email protected].