Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis: a pediatric perspective.

Lucia Caminiti, Stefania Arasi, Simona Barni, Riccardo Castagnoli, Mariannita Gelsomino, Mattia Giovannini, Angela Klain, Lucia Liotti, Carla Mastrorilli, Francesca Mori, Luca Pecoraro, Francesca Saretta, Michele Miraglia Del Giudice, Elio Novembre

Journal: Italian journal of pediatrics 2025;51(1):278

PMID: 41024233

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Abstract

Eosinophilic gastroduodenitis (EoGD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by an increased presence of eosinophils in the stomach and duodenum. Although relatively rare, it is an increasingly recognized form of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) with significant clinical implications, particularly in pediatric patients. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools, considerable delays in diagnosis persist due to the nonspecific nature of clinical manifestations, which often resemble more common gastrointestinal disorders. Early referral to a gastroenterologist is critical, especially when patients present with persistent gastrointestinal signs and symptoms that do not improve with treatment for common conditions like irritable bowel syndrome. Food allergens and microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Management typically involves a combination of dietary modifications, pharmacological treatments such as corticosteroids, and, in some cases, biologic agents targeting eosinophilic inflammation. However, long-term outcomes remain variable, and data on prognosis are still limited, underscoring the need for further research. Future studies should focus on validating new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies, better understanding long-term outcomes, and developing personalized treatment plans. A multidisciplinary approach, incorporating the expertise of gastroenterologists, allergists, dietitians, and surgeons, is crucial to ensure optimal patient care and management.

Address: Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Development Age "Gaetano Barresi", Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AOU Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, 98124, Italy.; Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy. [email protected].; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, 50139, Italy.; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy.; Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Foundation Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, Italy.; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, 50139, Italy.; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.; Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, 80138, Italy.; Pediatric Unit, Department of Mother and Child Health, Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, 60123, Italy.; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Pediatric and Emergency Department, AOU Policlinic of Bari, Bari, 70126, Italy.; Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, 37126, Italy.; Pediatric Department, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, 33100, Italy.; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.

DOI: 10.1186/s13052-025-02115-3

MeSH Terms: Humans, Eosinophilia, Gastritis, Child, Duodenitis, Enteritis