The additive effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and resistance training on muscle mass and strength.

PURPOSE

To compare strength and muscle mass development between conventional resistance training (RT) and a combined resistance training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (RT + NMES).

METHODS

Searches of EBSCO, GoogleScholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate were conducted for studies that met the inclusion criteria of being a randomized controlled trial comparing RT in isolation with NMES and RT being done simultaneously. Effect sizes were calculated as the standard mean difference (SMD) and meta-analyses were computed using random effects models. Thirteen studies were included in the analyses.

RESULTS

When comparing strength gain, there was a favorable effect towards superimposed training (SMD: 0.31; 95% CI 0.13-0.49; p = 0.02; I = 73.05%) with similar results seen for muscle mass (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI 0.04-0.49; p = 0.02; I = 21.45%).

CONCLUSION

Use of NMES during RT results in greater gains in strength and muscle mass compared to RT performed in isolation. Incorporation of NMES into RT protocols may represent a more effective strategy to improve muscle strength and muscle mass. Future studies should explore whether use of NMES concurrently with RT may have additive effects on metabolic and/or cardiovascular health.

© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.