Synergistic effect between bacteriophages and nanozymes for hybrid dual recognition of pathogenic bacteria from water, food, and agricultural samples: promising new tools for sensitive and specific biosensing.

Jaswinder Kaur, Indu Sharma, Dmitry Olegovich Bokov, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Gaurav Sanghvi, Jasur Rizaev, Chou-Yi Hsu, Pranchal Rajput, Sofiene Mansouri, Layth Hussein

Journal: Nanoscale 2025;17(14):8401-8414

PMID: 40091675

Abstract

Worldwide, pathogenic bacteria are among the most significant causes of infections. Indeed, delays in diagnosis and detection of these bacteria result in high morbidity and mortality rates and detection platforms must be developed to overcome these challenges. Biosensors, as high-potential analytical tools, can play an important role in the detection of pathogenic bacteria. The application of nanozymes as nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes in the structure of biosensors can overcome the limitations of common biological elements. Furthermore, the integration of bacteriophages, as novel bioreceptors, with nanozymes enabled a clear distinction between viable and dead bacteria. The application of bacteriophage-nanozyme as hybrid probes in biosensors can boost pathogenic bacteria detection. In this review, the effects of different nanozymes, including metal-based, metal oxide-based, and metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes, after integration with bacteriophages are discussed. Perspectives and challenges of a combination of these novel bioreceptors and nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes are presented for detecting various pathogenic bacteria.

Address: Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. [email protected].; Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. [email protected].; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot-360003, Gujarat, India.; Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation.; Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali-140307, Punjab, India.; NIMS School of Allied Sciences and Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303121, India.; School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq.; Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.; Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.; Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.

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