Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Ana Carolina Zeri, Vanessa Morris, Arnab Pain, Rupali Shivapurkar, Nour Y Madhoun, Jasmeen Merzaban, Roland Leiminger, Chung-Ke Chang, Ryan T McKay, Marcos Rodrigo Alborghetti, Brian Lee, Sven Schuchardt, Helena U Zacharias, Daniel Raftery, Horst Joachim Schirra, Fatimah Alahmari, David S Wishart, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, Mazhar Iqbal, Edoardo Saccenti, Reza M Salek, G A Nagana Gowda, Danielle Ryan, Raja Roy, Mark Berjanskii, Rawiah A Alsiary, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Wolfram Gronwald, Marcia LeVatte
Journal: Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society 2025;21(3):66
PMID: 40348843
BACKGROUND
Metabolic profiling of blood metabolites, particularly in plasma and serum, is vital for studying human diseases, human conditions, drug interventions and toxicology. The clinical significance of blood arises from its close ties to all human cells and facile accessibility. However, patient-specific variables such as age, sex, diet, lifestyle and health status, along with pre-analytical conditions (sample handling, storage, etc.), can significantly affect metabolomic measurements in whole blood, plasma, or serum studies. These factors, referred to as confounders, must be mitigated to reveal genuine metabolic changes due to illness or intervention onset.
REVIEW OBJECTIVE
This review aims to aid metabolomics researchers in collecting reliable, standardized datasets for NMR-based blood (whole/serum/plasma) metabolomics. The goal is to reduce the impact of confounding factors and enhance inter-laboratory comparability, enabling more meaningful outcomes in metabolomics studies.
KEY CONCEPTS
This review outlines the main factors affecting blood metabolite levels and offers practical suggestions for what to measure and expect, how to mitigate confounding factors, how to properly prepare, handle and store blood, plasma and serum biosamples and how to report data in targeted NMR-based metabolomics studies of blood, plasma and serum.
© 2025. The Author(s).
Full Text Sources:
© Copyright 2026, Nutrition Evidence
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