Advancements in hyperpigmentation management: exploring conventional methods, phytoconstituents, novel approaches, and instrumental techniques.

Esha Jain, Arpana S Patil, Archana S Patil, Pratik Ugare, Rajashree S Masareddy

Journal: Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology 2025;27(1-2):1-16

PMID: 39871800

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Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a common dermatological condition characterized by the darkening of patches of skin compared to the surrounding areas. It can occur in individuals of all skin types and ethnicities, and is caused by an overproduction or accumulation of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. This comprehensive overview aims to delve into the various types, causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options for hyperpigmentation. Additionally, it explores the global and national prevalence of hyperpigmentation, its etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis and treatment strategies. Furthermore, examines the formulations and dosage forms used to treat hyperpigmentation, including their side effects. It also discusses combination drugs and their associated side effects, as well as novel drug delivery systems and nanocarriers employed in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, providing insight into future prospects in this field.

Address: Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, India.; Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, India.

DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2025.2455157

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MeSH Terms: Hyperpigmentation, Humans, Dermatology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Global Burden of Disease, Plant Extracts, Skin Lightening Preparations, Biological Products, Cryotherapy, Dermabrasion, Chemexfoliation, Treatment Outcome, Melanins, Skin, Dermatologic Agents, Male, Female, Sex Factors, Esthetics