Advances in the mechanism of urinary proteins in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.

Sixing Yang, Xiaozhe Su, Qianlin Song, Mingcheng Shi, Heng Xiang

Journal: Urolithiasis 2025;53(1):27

PMID: 39932538

Abstract

Kidney stones are a common urological disease worldwide, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems. Calcium oxalate stones are the predominant form of urinary calculi, with two main theoretical models explaining their pathogenesis: the fixed particle and free particle models. Regardless of the model, the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones is inseparably linked to crystal nucleation, growth, aggregation, and adhesion in urine. Growing evidence highlights the significant role of urinary proteins, particularly matrix proteins, in the development of calcium oxalate stones. The review classifies urinary proteins impacting calcium oxalate stone formation into three groups: inhibitors, promoters, and dual-regulators, outlining their contributions to the formation process.

Address: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China.; Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China. [email protected].; Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1007/s00240-025-01703-6

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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-025-01703-6

MeSH Terms: Calcium Oxalate, Humans, Kidney Calculi, Crystallization, Extracellular Matrix Proteins