Optimizing starch-free arabinogalactan-rich taro nanomucilage: Green experimental design, structural elucidation, amino acid profiling, and biological properties.

Surinder Paul, Aarti Bains, Sanju Bala Dhull, Gulden Goksen, Nemat Ali, Prince Chawla, Poonam Kumari, Mansuri M Tosif

Journal: Food chemistry 2025;479():143731

PMID: 40120209

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Abstract

This study primarily emphasized on extracting the Colocasia esculenta rhizome mucilage (CEM) using different green extraction methods including cold-water extraction (CWE), hot water extraction (HWE), and microwave-assisted water extraction (MWE). The yield of CEM was calculated on a wet basis and MWE exhibited a higher yield (18.47 ± 0.19 %) compared to HWE (14.08 ± 0.31 %) and CWE (4.22 ± 0.25 %). Based on the absence of starch in extracted mucilage the CWE method was used to optimize spray-drying conditions. CEM showed Newtonian behavior and contained arabinose, galactose, glucose, and different amino acids. FTIR data confirmed the presence of various functional groups and exhibited excellent techno-functional characteristics. CEM revealed expectational thermal stability and the average particle size was under the nano scale (218.9 ± 5.19 nm). It was determined that CEM showed potential anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammatory efficiency. Overall, CEM is rich in arabinogalactan and possesses diverse biological activities with inherent functional properties.

Address: Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.; Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.; ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Himachal Pasturelands, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.; Division of Agrotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143731

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MeSH Terms: Amino Acids, Galactans, Plant Extracts, Colocasia, Rhizome, Starch, Green Chemistry Technology, Chemical Fractionation, Plant Mucilage