Sarcopenia and the biological determinants of aging: A narrative review from a geroscience perspective.

Laurent O Martinez, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Yves Rolland, Bruno Vellas, Mariá Nunes-Pinto, Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello, Milena Nunes Pinto, Cédric Moro

Journal: Ageing research reviews 2024;103():102587

PMID: 39571617

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

The physiopathology of sarcopenia shares common biological cascades with the aging process, as does any other age-related condition. However, our understanding of the interconnected pathways between diagnosed sarcopenia and aging remains limited, lacking sufficient scientific evidence.

METHODS

This narrative review aims to gather and describe the current evidence on the relationship between biological aging determinants, commonly referred to as the hallmarks of aging, and diagnosed sarcopenia in humans.

RESULTS

Among the twelve hallmarks of aging studied, there appears to be a substantial association between sarcopenia and mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, deregulated nutrient sensing, and altered intercellular communication. Although limited, preliminary evidence suggests a promising association between sarcopenia and genomic instability or stem cell exhaustion.

DISCUSSION

Overall, an imbalance in energy regulation, characterized by impaired mitochondrial energy production and alterations in circulatory markers, is commonly associated with sarcopenia and may reflect the interplay between aging physiology and sarcopenia biology.

Address: Gerontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, France; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences (Endocrinology), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected].; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences (Endocrinology), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Master of Public Health Program, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.; School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse UMR1297, France.; Gerontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UPS, Toulouse, France; IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France.; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse UMR1297, France; IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France.

DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102587

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Sarcopenia, Aging, Geroscience, Epigenesis, Genetic, Energy Metabolism, Mitochondria