Time-Restricted Eating Versus Daily Calorie Restriction: Effect on Sleep in Adults with Obesity over 12 Months.

Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Vasiliki Pavlou, Shuhao Lin, Shaina J Alexandria, Kelsey Gabel, Krista A Varady

Journal: Nutrients 2024;16(20):

PMID: 39458522

Plain Language Summary

A time restricted eating protocol, where individuals eat within a set window has shown similar weight loss to a calorie restricted diet, however it is unclear as to its effects on sleep quality. This secondary analysis of a randomised control trial of 90 individuals aimed to compare the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE), where individuals eat only within an 8-hour window, and daily calorie restriction (CR), which involves reducing daily calorie intake by 25%, on sleep in adults with obesity over a year. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the TRE group, the CR group, or a control group with no intervention.

The results showed that both the TRE and CR groups experienced weight loss, but there was no significant difference in weight loss between the two methods after 12 months. Sleep-quality, duration, insomnia severity, and risk of obstructive sleep apnoea was similar in both groups.

Despite the weight loss achieved with both diets, self-reported sleep quality, sleep duration, insomnia severity, and the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea did not improve in either group. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand that neither time-restricted eating nor daily calorie restriction significantly improved sleep outcomes in adults with obesity.

Abstract

The aim of this secondary analysis was to compare the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) versus daily calorie restriction (CR) on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity over one year. A total of 90 participants were randomized to one of three groups for 12 months: 8 h TRE (eating only between 12 p.m. and 8 p.m.); CR (25% daily calorie restriction) or a no-intervention control group. By the end of the study, weight loss was 4.61 kg (95% CI; 7.37 to 1.85 kg; ≤ 0.01) for the TRE group and 5.42 kg (CI; 9.13 to 1.71 kg; ≤ 0.01) for the CR group, with no statistically significant difference between TRE and CR (0.81 kg [CI; 3.07 to 4.69]; = 0.68]). Self-reported sleep quality, sleep duration, insomnia severity, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea did not change in the TRE or CR groups versus controls by month 12. These findings suggest that the weight loss produced by TRE and CR does not have any impact on various sleep parameters in adults with obesity over one year.

Address: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.; Department of Preventative Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA.

DOI: 10.3390/nu16203528

Patient Centred Factor

Mediators

Clinical Imbalances

Immune and inflammation

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Diet Sleep and Circadian Rhythm

Jadad Score

Allocation Concealment

Link outs

Free resources

Full Text Sources:

Medical:

MeSH Terms: Humans, Caloric Restriction, Male, Female, Obesity, Adult, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep, Sleep Quality, Time Factors