Randomized trial of influence of vitamin D on the prevention and improvement of symptomatic COVID-19.

Baohua Li, Yuling Gao, Yunjing Hu, Liyan Cui, Jie Huang, Na Liu, Hao Liu, Huan Wang, Haiyan Li, Lijuan Yang, Yahong Chen, Dongyang Liu, Fuchun Zhang, Lixiang Xue, Yanfang Li, Chunli Song, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yanfang Jiang, Wanqiong Yuan, Yuping Yang, Tiancheng Wang, Yang Lv, Liyuan Tao

Journal: Scientific reports 2024;14(1):20519

PMID: 39227626

Free Full Text on Nature Publishing Group View on PubMed

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin D2 on COVID-19 and the improvement of symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The study recruited 228 health care workers who tested negative PCR or antigen for COVID-19. Subjects were randomly allocated to vitamin D2 or non-intervention at a ratio 1:1. Subjects recorded PCR or antigen tests and the symptoms of COVID-19 twice a week during the follow-up visit. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reaction protein (CRP), complement component C1q and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The rates of COVID-19 infection were 50.5% in the vitamin D2 group and 52.4% in the non-intervention group (P = 0.785). There was no difference in the COVID-19 symptoms between the two groups. The mean 25(OH)D level significantly increased from 14.1 to 31.1 ng/mL after administration (P < 0.001). The difference between the two groups was not significant for the concentrations of CRP, C1q and inflammatory cytokines on the thirtieth day of the trial. According to the second level of vitamin D, there was a 14.3% difference in positive infection rates between the vitamin D adequate (> 30 ng/mL) and deficient groups (< 20 ng/mL). Adequate vitamin D had a tendency to prevent COVID-19.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05673980, dated: 12/2022.

Address: Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.; Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Peking University Third Hospital Chongli Hospital, Beijing, China.; Orthopedic Trauma, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, China.; Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China.; Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.; Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.; Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital, Beijing, China.; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. [email protected].; Department of Nursing, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. [email protected].; Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49# North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66267-8

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MeSH Terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Complement C1q, COVID-19, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Cytokines, Ergocalciferols, Vitamin D