Raedeh Basiri, Lawrence J Cheskin
Journal: Nutrients 2024;16(23):
PMID: 39683399
Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. People with overweight or obesity are at increased risk of developing prediabetes and eventually type 2 diabetes. Nutrition therapy is often used to help improve blood sugar control, but it can be difficult for individuals to understand how specific foods affect their blood sugar levels. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provide real-time information about blood sugar levels throughout the day, which may help individuals make more informed dietary choice. The aim was to determine whether combining personalised dietary guidance with CGM could improve blood sugar management and support healthier lifestyle changes.
The results suggested that participants who used CGM alongside individualised nutrition therapy (INT) were able to better understand how different foods affected their blood sugar levels. The real-time feedback helped them adjust their dietary choices and eating patterns, which contributed to improved glucose control and greater engagement with lifestyle changes.
In conclusion, integrating CGM with INT may enhance the effectiveness of dietary interventions for individuals with prediabetes. Healthcare professionals could use this approach to provide more personalised dietary advice and help patients better manage their blood sugar levels, potentially reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
prediabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and other complications. Early diagnosis of prediabetes, coupled with education on lifestyle changes that support blood glucose management, are crucial for the prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on blood glucose control in individuals with prediabetes who are overweight or obese.
METHODS
participants (mean age ± SD: 55 ± 6 years; BMI: 31.1 ± 4.1 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to either the treatment group ( = 15) or the control group ( = 15). Both groups received INT and CGM, but the control group was blinded to the CGM data until the end of this study. Participants were followed for 30 days and visited the lab every 10 days for CGM replacement, study measurements, and dietary consultations.
RESULTS
the treatment group showed a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the target blood glucose range ( = 0.02) and a significant decrease in the mean blood glucose concentration ( < 0.05), glucose management indicator ( = 0.02), percent coefficient of variation for blood glucose ( = 0.01), and percent time spent in the high or very high blood glucose ranges ( = 0.04). These changes were not statistically significant for the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
adding CGM feedback to INT resulted in better management of blood glucose levels in overweight or obese individuals with prediabetes.
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