Impact of 24-week supervised concurrent exercise on S-Klotho and vitamin D levels: A randomized controlled trial.

J M Llamas-Elvira, M J Castillo, F J Amaro-Gahete, J M A Alcantara, M Muñoz Torres, J R Ruiz, I Labayen, A Espuch-Oliver, A Cano-Nieto, J V García-Lario, T De Haro

Journal: Journal of sports sciences 2025;42(24):2562-2571

PMID: 39831661

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects 24 weeks of supervised exercise training at different intensities on S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels in young adults. This report was based on a secondary analysis from the ACTIBATE single-center unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129). A total of 144 young adults (~34% men and ~66% women) aged between 18 and 25 years took part in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 3 different groups: (i) concurrent exercise training program based on the international physical activity recommendations at vigorous intensity (Ex-Vigorous group), (ii) at moderate intensity (Ex-Moderate group), and (iii) control group (no exercise). S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels were determined before and after the 24-week intervention programme. A significant decrease of 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels were identified across time in all groups ( < 0.001), whereas no significant differences across time were observed in S-Klotho plasma levels ( = 0.497). There was no time x group interaction neither in S-Klotho nor in 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels (all > 0.7). In summary, our results showed that 24 weeks of supervised concurrent exercise training does not induce significant changes on S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D independently of the exercise intensity in young adults.

Address: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain.; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.; Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.; Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.; Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.; Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2025.2453328

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Vitamin D, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Klotho Proteins, Adolescent, Glucuronidase, Exercise