Generative artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in health care: a scoping review and ethics checklist.

Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung, Jiuwen Cao, Mayli Mertens, Di Miao, Vaishaanth Nagaraj, Salinelat Teixayavong, Yilin Ning, Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Mingxuan Liu, Yuqing Shang, Nan Liu, Roger Vaughan, Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Michael Dunn, Eric J Topol, Julian Savulescu, Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Journal: The Lancet. Digital health 2024;6(11):e848-e856

PMID: 39294061

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The widespread use of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (known as ChatGPT) and other emerging technology that is powered by generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has drawn attention to the potential ethical issues they can cause, especially in high-stakes applications such as health care, but ethical discussions have not yet been translated into operationalisable solutions. Furthermore, ongoing ethical discussions often neglect other types of GenAI that have been used to synthesise data (eg, images) for research and practical purposes, which resolve some ethical issues and expose others. We did a scoping review of the ethical discussions on GenAI in health care to comprehensively analyse gaps in the research. To reduce the gaps, we have developed a checklist for comprehensive assessment and evaluation of ethical discussions in GenAI research. The checklist can be integrated into peer review and publication systems to enhance GenAI research and might be useful for ethics-related disclosures for GenAI-powered products and health-care applications of such products and beyond.

Address: Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Centre for Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Antwerp Center on Responsible AI, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; SingHealth AI Office, Singapore Health Services, Singapore.; Division of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.; Machine Learning and I-Health International Cooperation Base of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Zhejiang, China; Artificial Intelligence Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Zhejiang, China.; Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.; Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00143-2

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MeSH Terms: Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Checklist, Delivery of Health Care