CemR atypical response regulator impacts energy conversion in .

UNLABELLED

and are microaerobic food-borne human gastrointestinal pathogens that mainly cause diarrheal disease. These related species of the class face variable atmospheric environments during infection and transmission, ranging from nearly anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Consequently, their lifestyles require that both pathogens need to adjust their metabolism and respiration to the changing oxygen concentrations of the colonization sites. Our transcriptomic and proteomic studies revealed that and lacking a -specific regulatory protein, Cj1608, or a homolog, Abu0127, are unable to reprogram tricarboxylic acid cycle or respiration pathways, respectively, to produce ATP efficiently and, in consequence, adjust growth to changing oxygen supply. We propose that these energy and metabolism regulators (CemRs) are long-sought transcription factors controlling the metabolic shift related to oxygen availability, essential for these bacteria's survival and adaptation to the niches they inhabit. Besides their significant universal role in , CemRs, as pleiotropic regulators, control the transcription of many genes, often specific to the species, under microaerophilic conditions and in response to oxidative stress.

IMPORTANCE

and are closely related pathogens that infect the human gastrointestinal tract. In order to infect humans successfully, they need to change their metabolism as nutrient and respiratory conditions change. A regulator called CemR has been identified, which helps them adapt their metabolism to changing conditions, particularly oxygen availability in the gastrointestinal tract so that they can produce enough energy for survival and spread. Without CemR, these bacteria, as well as a related species, , produce less energy, grow more slowly, or, in the case of , do not grow at all. Furthermore, CemR is a global regulator that controls the synthesis of many genes in each species, potentially allowing them to adapt to their ecological niches as well as establish infection. Therefore, the identification of CemR opens new possibilities for studying the pathogenicity of and .