Clinical implications of nutritional interventions reducing calories, a systematic scoping review.

C A J Oudmaijer, D S J Komninos, J H J Hoeijmakers, W P Vermeij, J N M IJzermans

Journal: Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2024;63():427-439

PMID: 38986906

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Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Caloric restriction (CR) constitutes a dietary approach of (temporarily) reducing calorie intake thereby inducing resilience and resistance mechanisms and promoting health. While CR's feasibility and safety have been proven in human trials, its full benefits and translation to different study populations warrants further exploration.

METHODS

We here conducted a systematic scoping review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

RESULTS

Our search resulted in 3745 individual records, of which 40 were included. We showed that all studies consistently demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CR-like interventions. The specific effects of nutritional preconditioning vary, further underscoring the need for carefully crafted strategies, according to the intended effect, patient population, and logistical limitations.

CONCLUSIONS

CR-like interventions (long-term CR or short-term fasting) are feasible in a broad range of patient populations. Whether it has clinical benefit, f.i. reducing treatment-induced side effects and enhancing therapy efficacy, has to be investigated further.

Address: Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].; Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.046

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Caloric Restriction, Energy Intake, Fasting