Fulminant myocarditis caused by influenza B virus in a male child: a case report and literature review.

Fei Tian, Zhaohui Zhang, Yi Xiao, Lingyun Zhang, Zhekang Peng, Fu Ni, Shengmin Gui, Yuqing Fan, Zuyang Xi

Journal: Journal of cardiothoracic surgery 2024;19(1):492

PMID: 39182151

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Influenza B virus induced myocarditis is a rare complication with potentially wide variations in severity and clinical presentation, and the pathogenesis is unclear.

CASE PRESENTATION

We describe a rare case of a 7-year-old boy who developed fulminant myocarditis (FM) due to influenza B virus infection. Treatment measures included mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-infection, and enteral nutrition support. After 10 days of treatment, the patient succumbed to multiorgan failure.

CONCLUSIONS

After a systematic review of the literature, we found that this disease predominantly affects females, with pediatric cases exceedingly rare. Fulminant myocarditis (FM) progresses rapidly, poses significant treatment challenges sporadic, and carries a poor prognosis. Interestingly, literature reports suggest that anti-thymocyte globulin therapy may have a positive impact in treating FM, potentially offering new insights into its pathogenesis and clinical management.

Address: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Center of Clinical Nursing Research, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.; Department of Endocrinology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Department of Nursing, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Department of Nursing, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.; Center of Clinical Nursing Research, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.; Department of Nursing, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. [email protected].; Center of Clinical Nursing Research, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China. [email protected].; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02997-0

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MeSH Terms: Child, Humans, Male, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Fatal Outcome, Influenza B virus, Influenza, Human, Myocarditis