Dietary Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review.

Vesna Herceg-Čavrak, Beata Piórecka, Dorota Drożdż, Małgorzata Wójcik, Julio Alvarez-Pitti, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Rosita Gabbianelli, Sara Cobal, Dragan Radovanovic, Isa Hartgring

Journal: Nutrients 2024;16(16):

PMID: 39203922

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Abstract

This study aims to gather information on effective dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. It discusses specific nutritional models such as the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), traditional Asian diets, plant-based diets, the Southern European traditional Atlantic diet, and the Mediterranean diet, highlighting the benefits of these approaches. The manuscript also addresses dehydration resulting from insufficient fluid intake among children, as well as the consumption of inappropriate beverages, like soft drinks and energy drinks, which contributes to the development of HTN. Additionally, it examines the role of oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of HTN in children, particularly in relation to the antioxidant potential of food components such as selenium, magnesium, and selected vitamins. The relationship between sodium and potassium intake from food and the development of HTN in children is also explored. Finally, this study discusses public health strategies for the prevention of HTN in children. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCO. This search focused on locating English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from around the globe.

Address: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.; University Children's Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.; Faculty of Health Sciences, Libertas International University, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.; Croatian Medical Association, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia.; Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain.; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC-Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain.; Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC-Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain.; Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 St., 31-066 Cracow, Poland.; Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.; University Children's Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.; Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Crakow, Poland.

DOI: 10.3390/nu16162786

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Hypertension, Child, Adolescent, Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension, Diet, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants