Etiological involvement of KCND1 variants in an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with variable expressivity.

Annick Klabunde-Cherwon, Marco Tartaglia, Naama Orenstein, Michele Iacomino, David Genevieve, Saadet Mercimek-Andrews, Steffen Syrbe, Harald Surowy, Geneviève Bernard, Christel Depienne, Pasquale Striano, Tassja Kalm, Hanna Völler, Chiara Klöckner, Konrad Platzer, Robert Bähring, Koen L I van Gassen, Sjoerd J B Holwerda, Arjan Bouman, Javier Porta, Margherita Maria Mancardi, SeSong Jang, Soo Y Kim, Antje Kampmeier, Lucas Gauthier, Mylène Tharreau, Noy Azoulay, Gal Zaks-Hoffer, Nesia K Gilad, Theresia Herget, Thatjana Gardeitchik, Francesca Madia, Alberto Fernández-Jaén, Marcello Scala, Richard H van Jaarsveld, Renske Oegema, Marleen E H Simon, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Marjon van Slegtenhorst, Enrico Silvio Bertini, Francesca Clementina Radio, Isabelle Thiffault, Jonas Denecke, Alma Kuechler, Francesca Beccaria, Andrea Accogli, Sara Álvarez, Markus Ries, Floris Hofstede, David Chitayat, Cecilia Mancini, Simone Pizzi, Christian Kubisch, Jong-Hee Chae, Fanny Kortüm, Christian Gilissen, Rolph Pfundt, Federico Zara, Claudia Schob, Stefan Kindler

Journal: American journal of human genetics 2024;111(6):1206-1221

PMID: 38772379

Abstract

Utilizing trio whole-exome sequencing and a gene matching approach, we identified a cohort of 18 male individuals from 17 families with hemizygous variants in KCND1, including two de novo missense variants, three maternally inherited protein-truncating variants, and 12 maternally inherited missense variants. Affected subjects present with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by diverse neurological abnormalities, mostly delays in different developmental domains, but also distinct neuropsychiatric signs and epilepsy. Heterozygous carrier mothers are clinically unaffected. KCND1 encodes the α-subunit of Kv4.1 voltage-gated potassium channels. All variant-associated amino acid substitutions affect either the cytoplasmic N- or C-terminus of the channel protein except for two occurring in transmembrane segments 1 and 4. Kv4.1 channels were functionally characterized in the absence and presence of auxiliary β subunits. Variant-specific alterations of biophysical channel properties were diverse and varied in magnitude. Genetic data analysis in combination with our functional assessment shows that Kv4.1 channel dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder frequently associated with a variable neuropsychiatric clinical phenotype.

Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Address: Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands.; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.; Epilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Territorial Social-Health Agency, 46100 Mantova, Italy.; Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.; Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy.; Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands.; Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, 28108 Madrid, Spain.; Pediatric Neurology Department, Quironsalud University Hospital Madrid, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, 28224 Madrid, Spain.; Genomics, Genologica Medica, 29016 Málaga, Spain.; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada.; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.; Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.; The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto ON M5G 1E2 Toronto, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada.; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, AB T6G 2H7 Edmonton, Canada.; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.; Neuromuscular Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.; Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.; Montpellier University, Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.; The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Services, Rehovot 7610000, Israel; Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.; Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah 4920235, Israel.; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.; Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].
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