Artificially sweetened beverage consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Fei Luo, Cheng Wei, Shenghua Zhou, Kang Wang, Wichor M Bramer, Trudy Voortman, Yuchan Mou, Zhangling Chen, Sander Lamballais, Yichao Xiao

Journal: Nutrition journal 2024;23(1):86

PMID: 39085903

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) are consumed globally, but their impact on overall health remains uncertain. We summarized published associations between ASB intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

METHODS

We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases until August 2023. Random effect meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for highest versus lowest categories of ASB consumption in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 prospective cohort studies. During a median/mean follow-up period of 7.0 to 28.9 years, 235,609 deaths occurred among 2,196,503 participants. Intake of ASB was associated with higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with pooled RRs (95%CIs) of highest vs. lowest intake categories of 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) (I = 66.3%) for all-cause mortality and 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) (I = 52.0%) for CVD mortality. Dose-response analysis revealed a non-linear association of ASB with all-cause mortality (p = 0.01), but a linear positive association with CVD mortality (p = 0.54). No significant association was observed for ASB intake and cancer mortality. Moreover, a secondary meta-analysis demonstrated that replacing 1 serving/day of sugary sweetened beverages (SSB) with ASB was associated with 4-6% lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Per NutriGrade, the evidence quality for associations between ASB intake with all-cause and CVD mortality was moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher intake of ASB was associated with higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, albeit a lower risk than for SSB.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022365701.

Address: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. [email protected].; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China. [email protected].; FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China. [email protected].; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [email protected].; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00985-7

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Artificially Sweetened Beverages, Prospective Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Mortality, Sweetening Agents