A Clustering Study of Sociodemographic Data, Dietary Patterns, and Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Breast Cancer Women Participating in the MICROMA Study.

Tania Gallart-Aragón, María Teresa Sánchez-Barrón, Julio Plaza-Díaz, Avilene Rodríguez-Lara, Mariana F Fernández, Luis Fontana, Carmen María Ruiz-Marín, Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado, Saturnino de Reyes Lartategui, Miriam Alcaide-Lucena

Journal: Molecular nutrition & food research 2024;68(15):e2400253

PMID: 38950423

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Abstract

SCOPE

This work is part of the clinical study NCT03885648 registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, aimed at studying the relationship among breast cancer, microbiota, and exposure to environmental pollutants. As a first step, we characterized and evaluated risk factors of the participants.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A case-control study was designed with breast cancer (cases, n = 122) and healthy women (controls, n = 56) recruited in two hospitals of Andalusia (Southern Spain). Participants answered questionnaires of Mediterranean diet adherence and food frequency. Data were collected from medical histories and microbiota was analyzed on stool samples. Most cases (78.2%) were diagnosed as stages I and II. Cases had higher age, body mass index (BMI), glucose, cholesterol, and potassium values than controls. Cases exhibited higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and their food consumption was closer to that dietary pattern. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio was the most relevant variable in women with breast cancer, which was higher in this group compared with controls.

CONCLUSION

Although cases exhibited higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with controls, they presented features and microbiota alterations typical of the metabolic syndrome, probably due to their higher BMI and reflecting changes in their lifestyle around the time of diagnosis.

Address: Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.; Departament of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.

DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400253

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MeSH Terms: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Cluster Analysis, Diet, Mediterranean, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Sociodemographic Factors, Spain