Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: From pathogenesis to clinic.

Massimo Rugge, William Fusco, Francesco Kaitsas, Gianluca Ianiro, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Irene Venturini, Ludovica Bricca, Maria Francesca Tartaglia

Journal: Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology 2024;72():101941

PMID: 39645279

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, with a significant burden on healthcare and social systems. Its incidence is constantly rising, due to the spread of unhealthy lifestyle, i.e. Western diet. Increasing evidence suggests that westernization-driven microbiome alterations may play a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The current screening strategies for this neoplasm, mainly fecal immunochemical tests, are burdened by unsatisfactory accuracy. Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are rising as the new frontier of colorectal cancer screening, and the microbiome-based ones are showing positive and optimistic results. This Review describes our current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, from its pathogenetic action to its clinical potential as diagnostic biomarker.

Address: Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Medicine - DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101941

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Biomarkers, Tumor, Colorectal Neoplasms, Early Detection of Cancer, Gastrointestinal Microbiome