Microbiota-Gastric Cancer Interactions and the Potential Influence of Nutritional Therapies.

Marco Cintoni, Pauline Raoul, Emidio Scarpellini, Emanuele Rinninella, Maria Cristina Mele, Gianluca Ianiro, Antonio Gasbarrini, Valeria Maccauro

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences 2024;25(3):

PMID: 38338956

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Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths, and GC treatments represent a large area of research. Although initially regarded as a sterile organ and unsuitable for microbial communities, the discovery of made us realize that some microbes can colonize the stomach. In recent years, growing interest in gastric bacteria has expanded to the gut microbiota and, more recently, to the oral microbiota. Indeed, the oral-gastric-gut microbiota axis may play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, while changes in microbiota composition in GC patients can influence clinical outcomes. On the one hand, the microbiota and its metabolites may significantly influence the progression of GC, while anti-GC treatments such as gastrectomy and chemotherapy may significantly impact the oral-gastric-gut microbiota axis of GC patients. In this context, the role of nutritional therapies, including diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, in treating GC should not be underestimated. Wit this review, we aim to highlight the main role of the gastric, oral, and gut microbiota in GC onset and progression, representing potential future biomarkers for early GC detection and a target for efficient nutritional therapies during the course of GC.

Address: Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.; School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Translationeel Onderzoek van Gastro-Enterologische Aandoeningen (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University 11 Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.; Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031679

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Medical:

https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfectio...

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https://assays.cancer.gov/non-CPTAC-3321

MeSH Terms: Humans, Stomach Neoplasms, Gastric Mucosa, Microbiota, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections