Dietary approach for the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Angélica Dall'Agnol, Sandra P Silveiro, Luciana R Remonti, Pedro Augusto M Barcellos, Giovanna M Sandi

Journal: Journal of hypertension 2024;42(4):583-593

PMID: 38441180

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Abstract

The association of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is extremely common, increasing the mortality risk of patients, mainly by cardiovascular causes. Regarding the blood pressure (BP) targets to be achieved, most guidelines suggest levels of 130 mmHg for SBP and of 80 mmHg for DBP. Dietary modifications are quite effective, and many studies suggest that decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium ingestion are both valuable practices for reducing BP. This can be achieved by stimulating the ingestion of lacteous products, vegetables, and nuts. As for the ideal pharmacologic treatment for hypertension, either calcium channel blockers, diuretics or angiotensin-system blockers can be the first class of drug to be used. In this review, we summarize the evaluation of patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and discuss the available therapeutic approaches, with emphasis on evidence-based dietary recommendations.

Address: Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.; Endocrine Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.; Endocrine Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003674

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Diet, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Hypotension, Diabetes Mellitus