Artificial intelligence in neurology: opportunities, challenges, and policy implications.

Tara L White, Valery Feigin, Merit Cudkowicz, Eugene J Vaios, Mayowa Owolabi, Sebastian Voigtlaender, Philipp Karschnia, Vivek Natarajan, Jorg Dietrich, Sebastian F Winter, Johannes Pawelczyk, Mario Geiger, Ira R J Hebold Haraldsen, Paweł Świeboda, Nita Farahany

Journal: Journal of neurology 2024;271(5):2258-2273

PMID: 38367046

Abstract

Neurological conditions are the leading cause of disability and mortality combined, demanding innovative, scalable, and sustainable solutions. Brain health has become a global priority with adoption of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan in 2022. Simultaneously, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing neurological research and practice. This scoping review of 66 original articles explores the value of AI in neurology and brain health, systematizing the landscape for emergent clinical opportunities and future trends across the care trajectory: prevention, risk stratification, early detection, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. AI's potential to advance personalized precision neurology and global brain health directives hinges on resolving core challenges across four pillars-models, data, feasibility/equity, and regulation/innovation-through concerted pursuit of targeted recommendations. Paramount actions include swift, ethical, equity-focused integration of novel technologies into clinical workflows, mitigating data-related issues, counteracting digital inequity gaps, and establishing robust governance frameworks balancing safety and innovation.

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Address: Systems Neuroscience Division, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.; Virtual Diagnostics Team, QuantCo Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.; Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Graduate Center of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; NVIDIA, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.; Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Lebanese American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.; Human Brain Project, European Union, Brussels, Belgium.; Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC, USA.; Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected].

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