Effect of walnut consumption on markers of endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Dmitry O Bokov, Anaheed Hussein Kareem, Abdullah Ali Alzahrani, Ahmed Alawadi, Chou-Yi Hsu, Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh, K D V Prasad, Ali Ihsan, Maha Noori Shakir, Mohammed Qasim Alasheqi

Journal: Phytotherapy research : PTR 2024;38(3):1358-1366

PMID: 38200617

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Abstract

Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to October 2023. Articles that reported the effect of walnut intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and stimulus-adjusted response measure (SARM) were included. Random effects models for a weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to test for the overall effect. Six eligible trials were analyzed (250 participants). Walnut intake significantly increased FMD (WMD: 0.94%, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.75; p = 0.02). However, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of walnut intake on ICAM-1 (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.22; p = 0.31), VCAM-1 (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -1.38 to 1.34; p = 0.97), and SARM (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.04; p = 0.28). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that walnuts may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving FMD. However, further studies should be performed on adults to determine the effect of walnut intake on endothelial function.

Address: Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.; Department of Surgery, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.; Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.; Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.; College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq.; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.; College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.; Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq.; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.; College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Iraq.

DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8109

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MeSH Terms: Adult, Humans, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Juglans, Nuts, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1