Biomarkers of diabetes: role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation.

The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes is increasing day by day and commonly co-exist with a longer duration of diabetes and poor control, putting the individual at higher risk of AF. This review article presented some traditional and novel biomarkers related to AF in patients with diabetes mellitus. The literature review employed several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The investigation was finished on October 30, 2023. Many terms are utilized, including "AF", "Biomarkers", "Diabetes Mellitus", and "Pathogenesis". There are numerous biomarkers of diabetes, but this review article reports only leptin, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin, ceramide, ferritin, fibrinogen, hematological indices, interleukin-18, thrombospondin 1, acylcarnitine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, since those biomarkers play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AF. However, no data was found, including fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5 anhydroglucitol, fetuin-A, α-hydroxybutyrate, mannose-binding lectin serine peptidase, transferrin, IL-1 receptor antagonist in AF. Understanding the interplay between diabetes and AF through the measurement of relevant biomarkers can contribute to better risk assessment, early detection, and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for individuals at risk or already affected by these conditions.