The Esophageal Mucosa: Clues to Underlying Pathology.

Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Evan S Dellon

Journal: Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2025;35(3):503-522

PMID: 40412987

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Esophageal mucosal abnormalities, when accurately recognized, can provide clues to underlying pathology. In this article, we discuss strategies to enhance the detection and assessment of benign esophageal diseases during upper endoscopy by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We provide a summary of skills required to perform high-quality EGD procedures from a technical standpoint, as well as a comprehensive description of the endoscopic appearance of the esophagus in health and in benign, organic diseases including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), lymphocytic esophagitis and EoE variants, erosive reflux disease, medication-induced esophageal injuries, infectious esophagitis, and other acute and chronic esophageal injuries. Endoscopic classification systems are also described.

Address: Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Pisa, Via Giovanni Battista Niccolini, 12, 56122 Pisa PI, Italy.; Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Swallowing, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB#7080, Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2024.12.006

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Esophageal Mucosa, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Endoscopy, Digestive System, Esophageal Diseases, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Esophagus