Management of Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema.

Malvika Bhatnagar, Najib M Rahman, Wui Mei Chew, Ken Junyang Goh

Journal: Clinics in chest medicine 2025;46(2):241-249

PMID: 40484499

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Pleural infection, involving bacterial invasion of the pleural space, often stems from pneumonia but can occur independently. The 2 tenets of management are antibiotics and chest drainage, with intrapleural enzyme therapy or surgery required in select cases. Recent advancements emphasize tailored treatment and early intervention utilizing risk stratification tools like the (renal, age, purulence, infection source, diet [RAPID]) score to improve outcomes in this complex condition.

Address: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, 529889 Singapore.; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608 Singapore.; Respiratory Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2025.02.003

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Pleural Effusion, Empyema, Pleural, Drainage, Anti-Bacterial Agents