Hypocitraturia: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Matthew Sloan, Michael S Borofsky

Journal: The Urologic clinics of North America 2025;52(3):329-342

PMID: 40610081

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Hypocitraturia is one of the most common and correctable risk factors for nephrolithiasis. It is primarily caused by alterations in acid-base status, with several identified etiologies driving its pathogenesis. Diagnosis is made by at least one 24-hour urine study. Treatment involves identifying and reversing potential causes, followed by dietary modifications and alkali supplementation. Numerous new supplements have emerged in this space, gaining availability and popularity with patients. This article reviews pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypocitraturia in the context of urolithiasis.

Address: Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2025.04.002

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Citric Acid, Nephrolithiasis