Proteins and peptides as antigen candidates for the immunodiagnosis of hepatitis D.

Rafaela Camargo Rodrigues Machado, Deusilene Souza Vieira, Daniel Archimedes da Matta, Soraya Dos Santos Pereira, Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Eduardo Antônio Ferraz Coelho, Miguel Angel Chávez Fumagalli, Mariana Campos da Paz, Ana Maísa Passos-Silva, Rutilene Barbosa Souza, Luiz Fellype Alves de Souza, Lívia Corrêa Ferreira, Leonardo Maciel Santos Silva, Líria Souza Silva, Lucas da Silva Lopes, Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende, Kamila Alves Silva, Anna Julia Ribeiro, Sabrina Paula Pereira, Isadora Braga Gandra, Isabelle Caroline Dos Santos Barcelos, Sandra Rodrigues Xavier, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Juliana Martins Machado, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti

Journal: Amino acids 2025;57(1):35

PMID: 40613912

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Abstract

Designing innovative, accurate, universal, and accessible diagnostic tests is mandatory to improve screening, prevention, and management of hepatitis D (HD), especially in endemic areas with poor infrastructure and restricted access to public health care. Recombinant proteins (RP), recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMP), and synthetic peptides have been extensively reported as tools for efficient immunodiagnosis of several diseases. This review aimed to discuss the use of these antigens for the immunodiagnosis of HD. To this end, a bibliographic study was conducted in the PubMed database by searching the primary ("Hepatitis D" and "Hepatitis Delta"), secondary ("Detection", "Diagno*", "Diagnosis", "Immunodiagnosis", and "Serodiagnosis"), and tertiary ("Chimera", "Epitope", "Peptide"; "Protein" and "Recombinant") descriptors, including papers published up to January 2025. Review articles and case reports were excluded. Only nine articles (five for RP, three for synthetic peptides, and one for RMP) met the inclusion criteria, revealing that there are very few studies on this subject, particularly when compared to the advances made in the diagnosis of hepatitis A, B, and C. Despite the scarcity of articles published in the literature, six of the nine analyzed studies corroborate the potential of these antigens to effectively replace traditional diagnostic methods, including development of rapid tests. These data highlight the need for further studies to assess the potential of RP, RMP, and synthetic peptides for immunodiagnosis of HD, aiming to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, as well as improve monitoring and prevention.

Address: Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, CEP 35501-296, Brazil.; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.; Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, Acre, 69917-672, Brazil.; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia-UNIR/FIOCRUZ-RO, Porto Velho, RO, 76801-974, Brazil.; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental-INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-329, Brazil.; Laboratório de Bioativos e Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.; Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, 04000, Peru.; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.; Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.; Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, CEP 35501-296, Brazil. [email protected].; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1007/s00726-025-03465-2

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Peptides, Hepatitis D, Recombinant Proteins, Immunologic Tests, Hepatitis Delta Virus