Recent developments in late-stage protein modification.

Late-stage protein modification strategies have emerged as transformative approaches for enhancing protein functionality and expanding the applications of proteins in biological research and drug development. In recent years, several different modification methods have been developed based on the reaction characteristics of different groups. In this highlight article, we review the recent advancements in late-stage protein modification methodologies that have enabled the creation of a wide array of modified proteins. These methods have significantly advanced the field of protein engineering by addressing key challenges and enhancing the versatility of protein modification techniques.