Enzymatic CN bond formation and cleavage reaction: Advances and perspectives.

Jian Wen, Liming Liu, Jing Wu, Wei Song, Yaoyun Wu, Wanqing Wei

Journal: Biotechnology advances 2025;83():108661

PMID: 40706967

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Abstract

Cofactor-(in)dependent enzymatic systems (CNases) play a pivotal role in catalyzing the formation and cleavage of CN bonds, a critical reaction for producing a wide range of chemicals. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the classification, structural characteristics, reaction mechanisms, and the impact of protein engineering on the performance of key enzyme groups, including ATP-dependent CNases, nicotinamide-dependent oxidoreductases, flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent CNases, 4-methylideneimidazole-5-one-dependent CNases, radical CNases, metallo-CNases and cofactor-independent CNases. The latest advancements in cofactor-dependent enzymatic systems for CN bond formation and cleavage are summarized, with a focus on key applications. Future perspectives are also discussed regarding the potential of these enzymatic systems in establishing efficient biorefineries.

Address: School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.; School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108661

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MeSH Terms: Protein Engineering, Coenzymes, Enzymes, Oxidoreductases