Simulating selective binding of a biological template to a nanoscale architecture: a core concept of a clamp-based binding-pocket-favored N-terminal-domain assembly.

The biological template and its mutants have vital significance in next generation remediation, electrochemical, photovoltaic, catalytic, sensing and digital memory devices. However, a microscopic model describing the biotemplating process is generally lacking on account of modelling complexity, which has prevented widespread commercial use of biotemplates. Here, we demonstrate M13-biotemplating kinetics in atomic resolution by leveraging large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The model reveals the assembly of gold nanoparticles on two experimentally-based M13 phage types using full M13-capsid structural models and with polarizable gold nanoparticles in explicit solvent. Both mechanistic and structural insights into the selective binding affinity of the M13 phage to gold nanoparticles are obtained based on a previously unconsidered clamp-based binding-pocket-favored N-terminal-domain assembly and also on surface-peptide flexibility. These results provide a deeper level of understanding of protein sequence-based affinity and open the route for genetically engineering a wide range of 3D electrodes for high-density low-cost device integration.