Insulin treatment increases skeletal muscle fibre area in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

C Sylvén, E Jansson, T Cederholm, M Esbjörnsson-Liljedahl

Journal: Clinical physiology (Oxford, England) 2000;20(5):354-9

PMID: 10971546

Abstract

The effects of insulin treatment on skeletal muscle characteristics were studied in 18 patients (62 +/- 11 years) with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2 (mean duration 7.5 +/- 6 years). Skeletal muscle biopsy samples were taken from the lateral portion of the quadriceps muscle before and after a period of insulin treatment of 40 +/- 14 days. Enzyme activities (phosphofructokinase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) and myoglobin content were assessed. In a subgroup of 11 patients (60 +/- 11 years), skeletal muscle fibre type composition (type I, IIA, IIB and IIC) and fibre type cross-sectional area were also analysed. Following insulin treatment there were 32 and 38% increases, respectively, in the cross-sectional areas of type IIA and IIB fast-twitch fibres (P<0. 02). The fibre type distribution did not change. The myoglobin content in muscle decreased by 20% (P<0.01). Of the enzymes tested, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity decreased by 10% (P<0. 04). Serum glucose, HbA1C and serum triglyceride levels decreased (P<0.001) and body weight and arm muscle circumference increased (P<0.02). In conclusion, insulin treatment of patients with poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increased the fast-twitch fibre area, reduced myoglobin levels and decreased muscle enzyme activity related to fatty acid oxidation.

Address: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00269.x

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MeSH Terms: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases, Adult, Aged, Biopsy, Needle, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Cholesterol, Creatine Kinase, Demography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoglobin, Phosphofructokinase-1, Regression Analysis, Triglycerides