Periodontal disease in patients with thyroid diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Martyna Ortarzewska, Kacper Nijakowski, Jakub Jankowski, Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj, Marek Ruchała, Anna Surdacka

Journal: Advances in medical sciences 2024;69(2):289-295

PMID: 38908794

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Plain Language Summary

One of the oral infections is periodontal disease (periodontitis), characterised by an imbalance between bacterial challenging and host response. Periodontal disease has been linked to various systemic diseases, including thyroid disorders. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in patients with thyroid diseases, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis of ten studies. Results showed that: - patients with thyroid diseases exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal disease compared to healthy controls. - individuals with hypothyroidism showed more severe periodontal disease manifestations than those with hyperthyroidism. - increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in patients with both thyroid disorders and periodontal disease, suggesting a common inflammatory pathway. Authors concluded that their findings indicate a notable association between periodontal disease and thyroid disorders, emphasising the importance of oral health in managing thyroid conditions.

Abstract

PURPOSE

The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to suffer from periodontal disease. Therefore, our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease?".

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in this systematic review using the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines).

RESULTS

Based on the meta-analysis, patients with thyroid diseases (especially with hypothyroidism) demonstrated significantly worse periodontal status than systemically healthy controls. Moreover, according to the cross-sectional studies, 5.74 % of periodontitis patients reported the concomitance of thyroid diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, the included studies suggest a potential relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease. However, further research is necessary to reliably assess the oral health in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Address: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].; Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.003