Inflammaging and Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Treatments.

Li Zuo, Evan R Prather, Mykola Stetskiv, Davis E Garrison, James R Meade, Timotheus I Peace, Tingyang Zhou

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences 2020;20(18):4472

PMID: 31510091

Plain Language Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal metabolic processes or can be induced by environmental factors. High levels of ROS in the cell can lead to oxidation causing cellular damage and a subsequent increase in inflammation, which is a significant contributor to disease. Age-associated increases in such chronic, low-grade inflammation is also referred to as inflammaging. This review summarizes how inflammaging plays a role in various age-related health conditions. Described are the mechanisms of how ROS and the age-related decline in cellular turn-over and immune activation contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration concerning Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the authors discuss potential treatments that could assist in the management of such inflammaging-related diseases. These include vaccines to stimulate immune activity, stem cell intervention, drugs like metformin, nutritional and nutraceutical supplements like zinc, vitamin E, vitamins C, D, carotenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids like resveratrol, red algae extract and melatonin. Addressed are also general dietary concepts like calorie restriction, the benefits of the Mediterranean diet or a whole foods diet, and the potential of specific plant derived compounds like baicalin and sulforaphanes. The authors also briefly highlight the importance of the gut microbiome, as a poor gut microbiota has been associated with unfavourable age-related immune alterations and overall inflammaging. This review provides a comprehensive resource, detailing the effects and mechanisms of oxidative damage and its contribution to age-related diseases, including a list of interventions to consider when navigating the impact and risks associated with inflammaging.

Abstract

It has been proposed that a chronic state of inflammation correlated with aging known as inflammaging, is implicated in multiple disease states commonly observed in the elderly population. Inflammaging is associated with over-abundance of reactive oxygen species in the cell, which can lead to oxidation and damage of cellular components, increased inflammation, and activation of cell death pathways. This review focuses on inflammaging and its contribution to various age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Recently published mechanistic details of the roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammaging and various diseases will also be discussed. Advancements in potential treatments to ameliorate inflammaging, oxidative stress, and consequently, reduce the morbidity of multiple disease states will be explored.

Address: College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME 04769, USA. [email protected].; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. [email protected].; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. [email protected].; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.; College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME 04769, USA.; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184472

Patient Centred Factor

Mediators: Oxidative Damage Inflammation

Clinical Imbalances

Immune and inflammation

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Diet

Nutrition Evidence Keywords

Polyphenols Inflammation Cytokines Mediterranean diet Vitamin D Antioxidants Zinc Vitamin E Carotenoids Resveratrol Free radicals Flavonoids SOD Superoxide Dismutase Glutathione Peroxidase Oxidative Damage Vitamins C SIRT1 activator Immnunosenescence GPX Glutathione catalase Baicalin Sulforaphanes

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MeSH Terms: Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Signal Transduction