Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome and Dietary Intervention.

Hang Xu, Xiaopeng Li, Hannah Adams, Karen Kubena, Shaodong Guo

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences 2019;20(1):128

PMID: 30602666

Plain Language Summary

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease characterised by high blood sugar, raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia and obesity. It is a major contributing factor to chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to review the cause of MetS, understand how it progresses to chronic disease and analyse the efficacy of clinical interventions in reducing this progression. According to the existing research, this study found insulin sensitivity to be a critical aspect of the pathogenesis in MetS. Effective intervention strategies should be aimed at increasing insulin sensitivity. Based on this information, the authors conclude health practitioners should help patients manage energy balance and reduce overall inflammatory markers to best control the progression of MetS.

Abstract

The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.

Address: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. [email protected].; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. [email protected].

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010128