Physical exercise, gut, gut microbiota, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Jingyuan Chen, Yuan Guo, Yajun Gui, Danyan Xu

Journal: Lipids in health and disease 2018;17(1):17

PMID: 29357881

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Plain Language Summary

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart attacks and strokes, are the leading cause for mortality worldwide. Many studies have shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity and diabetes. However, some of the mechanisms, by which these beneficial effects occur, are not well understood. It is believed that gut microbiota, affected by physical exercise, altering the intestinal environment, plays a role. This review paper summarised the current understanding on the effects of physical exercise on CVD, through its effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. The authors reviewed animal and human studies looking at how various types of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (mice), running (rats and mice) and rugby (humans), affect diversity and distribution of microbes, metabolites produced by microbiota, intestinal wall integrity and systemic inflammation. Based on the reviewed papers, the authors concluded that, although further research is warranted, many studies confirm the premise that physical exercise can prevent CVD through modifying gut microbiota and alleviating systemic inflammation.

Abstract

Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its risk can be independently decreased by regular physical activity. Recently, ASCVD and its risk factors were found to be impacted by the gut microbiota through its diversity, distribution and metabolites. Meanwhile, several experiments demonstrated the relationship between physical exercise and diversity, distribution, metabolite of the gut microbiota as well as its functions on the lipid metabolism and chronic systematic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of physical exercise on ASCVD through modulation of the gut microbiota and intestinal function.

Address: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0653-9

Clinical Imbalances

Immune and inflammation Gastro-intestinal

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Exercise and movement

Nutrition Evidence Keywords

SCFA Microbiome Physical activity Cholesterol Gut microbiota Lipopolysaccharide Short-chain fatty acids Intestinal permeability Dyslipidaemia Systemic inflammation LPS Bacteroidetes Firmicutes Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD Rugby Trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO Endotoxin

Bioactive Substances

Cholesterol SCFA Trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO LPS Short-chain fatty acids Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide

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https://scite.ai/reports/29357881

MeSH Terms: Animals, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Exercise, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Risk Factors