Prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tianjin Huang, Chen Li, Faxiu Chen, Dunan Xie, Chuhua Yang, Yuting Chen, Jintao Wang, Jiming Li, Fei Zheng

Journal: BMC geriatrics 2023;23(1):369

PMID: 37322416

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Plain Language Summary

Osteosarcopenia is a musculoskeletal condition in which osteoporosis and sarcopenia coexist, characterised by low muscle and bone mass. The risk of developing osteosarcopenia increases in old age, leading to a higher risk of falls, fractures, frailty, and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis included evidence from thirty-one epidemiological and cross-sectional surveys to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia. The findings of this research showed a 21% overall prevalence of osteosarcopenia. Significant risk factors for the condition include being female, older age, and having a history of fractures. Healthcare professionals can use this study to get valuable insights to understand the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia. Further robust studies are required due to the high heterogeneity between the included studies.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome with a concomitant presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. It increases the risk of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, and death. Not only does it burden the lives of older adults, but it also increases the economic burden on health systems around the world. This study aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia to generate important references for clinical work in this area.

METHODS

Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 24th, 2022. The quality of studies included in the review was evaluated using the NOS and AHRQ Scale. Pooled effects of the prevalence and associated factors were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Egger's test, Begg's test, and funnel plots were used to test the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.4.

RESULTS

A total of 31 studies involving 15,062 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranged from 1.5 to 65.7%, with an overall prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 0.16-0.26). The risk factors for osteosarcopenia were female (OR 5.10, 95% CI: 2.37-10.98), older age (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21), and fracture (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.62-5.25).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of osteosarcopenia was high. Females, advanced age, and history of fracture were independently associated with osteosarcopenia. It is necessary to adopt integrated multidisciplinary management.

Address: Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04085-9