A Delphi-method-based consensus guideline for definition of treatment-resistant depression for clinical trials.

Address: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK. [email protected].; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.; Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.; Department of General and Academic Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (UMR INRAE 1286), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.; Mood Disorders Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.; Medical Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; Depression Research Center of the German Depression Foundation and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire d'Addictologie et Psychiatrie (DMU IMPACT), INSERM U955, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry lab, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010, Creteil, France.; Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.; Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College, London, London, UK.; Istituto di Neuroscience, University of Florence, Italy; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic & Neural Sciences, University of Modena, Modena, Italy.; VeraSci, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Bonn, Germany.; Office of Therapies for Neurological and Psychiatric disorders, Human Medicines Division, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Biostatistics, GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK.; Laughren Psychopharm Consulting, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA.; GAMIAN-Europe (Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks-Europe), Brussels, Belgium.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Data, Analytics and Methodology Taskforce, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Strategic Projects Unit, Vall d 'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.; Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Medical Director Neuroscience for Region Europe at Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Documental Ltd, Tallin, Estonia; West Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.; Department of Global Regulatory Affairs, Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.; Experimental Medicine, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.; European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine (EATRIS), Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Neuroscience, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.