Monkeypox outbreak 2022: What we know so far and its potential drug targets and management strategies.

Ali A Rabaan, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Ahmad Akroman Adam, Abdul Hawil Abas, Mona A Al-Zaher, Noor M Al-Sheef, Esraa Z Al-Nass, Eba A Al-Ebrahim, Yunus Effendi, Rinaldi Idroes, Mather F Alhabib, Hussain A Al-Fheid, Talha Bin Emran

Journal: Journal of medical virology 2023;95(1):e28306

PMID: 36372558

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Abstract

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The disease can result in flu-like symptoms, fever, and a persistent rash. The disease is currently spreading throughout the world and prevention and treatment efforts are being intensified. Although there is no treatment that has been specifically approved for monkeypox virus infection, infected patients may benefit from using certain antiviral medications that are typically prescribed for the treatment of smallpox. The drugs are tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir, all of which are currently in short supply due to the spread of the monkeypox virus. Resistance is also a concern, as widespread replication of the monkeypox virus can lead to mutations that produce monkeypox viruses that are resistant to the currently available treatments. This article discusses monkeypox disease, potential drug targets, and management strategies to overcome monkeypox disease. With the discovery of new drugs, it is hoped that the problem of insufficient drugs will be resolved, and it is not anticipated that drug resistance will become a major issue in the near future.

Address: College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.; Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.; Department of Commitment management, Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Province, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Azhar Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28306

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Mpox, Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, Cidofovir, Antiviral Agents, Disease Outbreaks