COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges.

Saad Alhumaid, Saikat Mitra, Ali A Rabaan, Kuldeep Dhama, Manish Dhawan, Ruchi Tiwari, Talha Bin Emran, Zainab Al Alawi, Abbas Al Mutair

Journal: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2022;18(5):2045853

PMID: 35258416

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Abstract

Multiple vaccines have recently been developed, and almost all the countries are presently vaccinating their population to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the COVID-19 vaccines in use are administered via intramuscular (IM) injection, eliciting protective humor and cellular immunity. COVID-19 intranasal (IN) vaccines are also being developed that have shown promising ability to induce a significant amount of antibody-mediated immune response and a robust cell-mediated immunity as well as hold the added ability to stimulate protective mucosal immunity along with the additional advantage of the ease of administration as compared to IM injected vaccines. By inducing secretory IgA antibody responses specifically in the nasal compartment, the intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can prevent virus infection, replication, shedding, and disease development, as well as possibly limits virus transmission. This article highlights the current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges in developing intranasal COVID-19 vaccines for countering the ongoing pandemic.

Address: Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.; Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.; The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK.; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India.; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.; Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, Australia.

DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2045853

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https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-1178

MeSH Terms: Administration, Intranasal, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2