Environmental perception and control of gastrointestinal immunity by the enteric nervous system.

Kai Markus Schneider, Jihee Kim, Klaas Bahnsen, Robert O Heuckeroth, Christoph A Thaiss

Journal: Trends in molecular medicine 2022;28(11):989-1005

PMID: 36208986

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The enteric nervous system (ENS) forms a versatile sensory system along the gastrointestinal tract that interacts with most cell types in the bowel. Herein, we portray host-environment interactions at the intestinal mucosal surface through the lens of the enteric nervous system. We describe local cellular interactions as well as long-range circuits between the enteric, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Additionally, we discuss recently discovered mechanisms by which enteric neurons and glia respond to biotic and abiotic environmental changes and how they regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. The enteric nervous system emerges as an integrative sensory system with manifold immunoregulatory functions under both homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions.

Address: Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.005

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Enteric Nervous System, Gastrointestinal Tract, Neuroglia, Neurons, Perception