Piper longum L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and health-promoting activities.

Protha Biswas, Mimosa Ghorai, Tulika Mishra, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Debleena Roy, Abhijit Bhagwan Mane, Avinash Mundhra, Neela Das, Vikas Moreshwar Mohture, Manoj Tukaram Patil, Md Habibur Rahman, Niraj Kumar Jha, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Suchismita Chatterjee Saha, Mahipal S Shekhawat, Manoj Kumar, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Abhijit Dey

Journal: Phytotherapy research : PTR 2022;36(12):4425-4476

PMID: 36256521

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Abstract

Piper longum (family Piperaceae), commonly known as "long-pepper" or "Pippali" grows as a perennial shrub or as an herbaceous vine. It is native to the Indo-Malaya region and widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical world including the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Middle-East, and America. The fruits are mostly used as culinary spice and preservatives and are also a potent remedy in various traditional medicinal systems against bronchitis, cough, cold, snakebite, and scorpion-sting and are also used as a contraceptive. Various bioactive-phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, esters, and steroids were identified from the plant extracts and essential oils from the roots and fruits were reported as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anthelminthic, mosquito-larvicidal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, neuro-pharmacological, antihyperglycaemic, hepato-protective, antihyperlipidaemic, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antiarthritic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, cardioprotective, and anti-snake-venom agents. Many of its pharmacological properties were attributed to its antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects and its ability to modulate a number of signalling pathways and enzymes. This review comprehensively encompasses information on habit, distribution, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of P. longum in relation to its medicinal importance and health benefits to validate the traditional claims supported by specific scientific experiments. In addition, it also discusses the safety and toxicity studies, application of green synthesis and nanotechnology as well as clinical trials performed with the plant also elucidating research gaps and future perspectives of its multifaceted uses.

Address: Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.; Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.; Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.; Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya, Sangli, India.; Department of Botany, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, India.; Department of Botany, Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Arts and Science College, Nagbhid, India.; Department of Botany, SNJB's KKHA Arts SMGL Commerce and SPHJ Science College Chandwad (Nashik) Maharashtra, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.; Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.; Department of Zoology, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College, Nabadwip, West Bengal, India.; Plant Biotechnology Unit, KM Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India.; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.; Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.; Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.; Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.

DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7649

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Ethnobotany, Cough, Malaysia